Prime Healthcare Gastroenterology Group

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder of the intestines. A functional disorder means that the muscles of the organs are functioning abnormally. IBS affects as many as one in five people in the US. There is no cure for the chronic disorder, but simple treatment methods are often effective in relieving symptoms.

The cause of IBS is not known. It is believed by doctors that some people have extra sensitive muscles within the bowels that contract or stretch too much, causing the typical symptoms of IBS. Stimulants such as certain foods or stress may cause the muscles to react and trigger symptoms. The disorder is most common in females and people under age 35.

The main symptoms of IBS include:

Abdominal pain or cramping
Feeling bloated

Gas
Diarrhea or constipation

Since these symptoms are common and characteristic of many other disorders, diagnosing IBS is often difficult. Doctors may consider an IBS diagnosis for symptoms that have remained the same over a long period of time. A lower gastrointestinal series, colonoscopy or blood test may be administered to confirm the diagnosis.

The symptoms of IBS can often be treated simply through life changes. Avoiding foods that trigger reactions such as fast food, milk products, chocolate and alcohol can help prevent symptoms from flaring up. Managing stress and regular exercise are also effective forms of treatment. Medications like laxatives, antispasmodics and antidepressants are also useful for many people with IBS.

While IBS is a common condition that plagues many people either mildly or severe, it is important to talk to your doctor to determine the best treatment method for your symptoms.

Liver Biopsy

A liver biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine liver tissue and determine the cause of any abnormalities. This procedure is often performed after another test, such as a blood test, indicates a problem within the liver. A liver biopsy can diagnose alcoholic liver disease, hemochromatosis, hepatitis B and C and liver cancer.

The biopsy procedure can be performed in several different ways, but generally takes about 20 minutes and may be performed in your doctor's office or in a hospital. Laparoscopy is often used in a liver biopsy to minimize the incisions needed, while a percutaneous biopsy uses local anesthesia and a needle to take multiple samples. Percutaneous biopsies may also be assisted by imaging techniques to properly guide the needle. A short recovery time of a few hours is needed after a liver biopsy because of the use of anesthesia.

Lower GI Endoscopy

A lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a minimally invasive exam used to evaluate the lower portion of the GI tract to help diagnose conditions such as cancer, polyps or inflammation, as well as determine the cause of bleeding or other abnormalities. This exam may involve a colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy to allow your doctor to visualize the colon and rectum on a computer monitor.

During a lower GI endoscopy, a thin, flexible tube is passed through the anus into the lower GI tract. Intravenous sedation may be administered to help relieve any anxiety or discomfort about this procedure. The entire exam usually takes about 15-30 minutes, with results available to be discussed with your doctor right away. In addition to its diagnostic indications, lower GI endoscopy can also remove polyps or take tissue samples (biopsy) during the same procedure.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy - PEG

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), more commonly known as a feeding tube, involves the placement of a tube into the stomach to help patients who have difficulty swallowing receive adequate nutrition. Food, liquids and medications can be administered through the tube directly into the stomach to reduce the risk of malnourishment.

This procedure is performed under local anesthetic and intravenous sedation to help patients feel relaxed. The feeding tube is fed through the mouth via endoscopy and into the stomach, where it is properly placed and then attached to the abdominal wall, where an incision is made and the tube exits the body. The entire procedure usually takes 30 to 45 minutes.

Patients will learn how to care for their tube after placement. You may experience mild soreness and some drainage after this procedure, which will subside after a few days. Feeding tubes can usually last for several months before being replaced or removed.

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